Cloud & On-Premises Monitoring: Set Up Prometheus, Grafana & Loki for Servers & RDS

Prometheus, Grafana, and Loki are popular open source tools used for monitoring and logging in cloud and on premise environments.

• Prometheus: A powerful monitoring system that collects and stores metrics as time series data, helping in performance analysis and system health monitoring.


 

• Grafana: A visualization tool that provides dashboards and graphs to analyze metrics, allowing users to gain insights from monitoring data.


 

 

• Loki: A log aggregation system that efficiently collects and indexes logs, making log search and monitoring seamless when combined with Grafana.


 

• This guide will walk you through the setup process for these tools, including monitoring server metrics, RDS performance and logs.

2.1 Installing Prometheus

Download and Install Prometheus: wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/latest/download/prometheus-linux-amd64.tar.gz tar -xvf prometheus-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd prometheus-linux-amd64

Configure Prometheus:

Create a configuration file prometheus.yml: global:   scrape_interval: 15s scrape_configs:   - job_name: 'prometheus'     static_configs:       - targets: ['localhost:9090'] 

Start Prometheus: ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

Verify Prometheus:

Visit http://localhost:9090 in a browser to check if Prometheus is running.

 2.2 Installing Grafana Download and Install Grafana: 

Start Grafana: 

Access Grafana: 

Visit http://localhost:3000 in a browser and log in with default credentials:

• Username: admin
• Password: admin

 2.3 Installing Loki Download and Install Loki:  wget https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/latest/download/loki-linux-amd64.zip unzip loki-linux-amd64.zip chmod +x loki-linux-amd64

Start Loki: ./loki-linux-amd64 -config.file=loki-config.yml

3.1 Setup Grafana Panels for Server CPU, RAM and Disk Monitoring

CPU Utilization Panel

• Navigate to the Dashboard.
• Click on Add+ > Visualization.
• Provide a title: CPU Utilization.
• Set up Prometheus queries to collect CPU data:

 (((count(count(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance="$node",job="$job"}) by (cpu))) - avg(sum by (mode)(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode='idle',instance="$node",job="$job"}[$__rate_interval])))) * 100) / count(count(node_cpu_seconds_total{instance="$node",job="$job"}) by (cpu)))

• Click Run queries, choose Gauge, and apply settings.


 

 RAM Utilization Panel Follow the same steps as CPU Utilization but use the following PromQL query: 100 - ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{instance="$node",job="$job"} * 100) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance="$node",job="$job"}) Disk Utilization Panel Use the following PromQL query: 100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{instance="$node",job="$job",mountpoint="/",fstype!="rootfs"} * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{instance="$node",job="$job",mountpoint="/",fstype!="rootfs"}) 

4.1 Setup Grafana Panels for RDS CPU, RAM and Disk Monitoring CPU Utilization Panel

1. Click on Data sources > Add new data source.
2. Search for CloudWatch and configure it with AWS credentials.
3. In the dashboard, click on Add+ > Visualization.
4. Provide a title: CPU Utilization.
5. Set data source as CloudWatch and configure the following: Namespace: AWS/RDS Metric Name: CPUUtilization Statistics: Average
6. Click Run Queries, choose Gauge, and apply settings.

RAM Utilization Panel Use the metric FreeableMemory and apply the following expressions: ($A)/(2*1000000000) ($A*100)/(2*1000000000) 100 - $C

Disk Utilization Panel

Use the metric FreeStorageSpace with expressions: ($A * 100) / (200 * 1.07 * 1000000000) 100 - $B

5.1 Install and Configure Promtail sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y unzip curl wget  

5.2 Configure Promtail

Create a promtail-config.yml file with the following configuration: server:   http_listen_port: 9080 positions:   filename: /tmp/positions.yaml clients:   - url: http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push scrape_configs:   - job_name: system-logs     static_configs:       - targets:           - localhost         labels:           job: varlogs           __path__: /var/log/*log 

5.3 Setup Grafana Dashboard for Logs Monitoring

Add Loki as a Data Source in Grafana

1. Go to Data Sources > Add new data source.
2. Search for Loki.
3. Set the connection URL: http://server-ip:3100.
4. Click Save & Test.

Create Nginx Access Log Panel Use the following Loki query: {job="nginx", filename="/var/log/nginx/access.log"} | line_format "IP={{ .ip }} Status_code={{ .status }} Method={{ .method }} URL=\"{{ .path }}\" Browser=\"{{ .browser }}\"" 

6.1 Server Monitoring Alerts(For CPU,RAM and Disk)Click Save rule and exit.

1. Click Alerts > New alert rule.
2. Set Threshold: 80%.
3. Click Save rule and exit.

6.2 RDS Monitoring Alerts (For CPU,RAM and Disk) 

1. Click More > New alert rule in Utilization panel.
2. Set Threshold: 80%.
3. Click Save rule and exit.

Creating Contact Points

1. Go to Contact Points > Add Contact Points.
2. Enter a name.
3. Select Integration: Email.
4. Add recipient emails.

 Creating Notification Policy

1. Go to Notification Policy > New Nested Policy.
2. Set Label name.
3. Assign Contact Point.
4. Click Save Policy.

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